Columbus Leaves Spain

Hello. This is the season finale of the History of Europe. Our last topic for the season is about Christopher Columbus leaving Spain. Our last and final guest for the season is Christopher Columbus.

Nicolas: Hello Christopher
Christopher: Hello there Nicolas
Nicolas: So, Christopher, why did you travel to America in the first place?
Christopher: I thought that by sailing west I would find a quicker and easier route to the East so I can travel to India quicker.
Nicolas: What types of ships did you use?
Christopher: I had my big three ships. There is the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. The Santa Maria was the biggest ship out of all of them. The capacity of that boat was about 90 people.
Nicolas: When was this marvelous expedition?
Christopher: It was from 1492 to 1493.
Nicolas: Describe to me what your journey was like?
Christopher: On Christmas Day in 1492, the Santa Maria hit a rock and was wrecked. After that, I had to leave 40 men behind and leave the Nina. Then, I reached America in March 1493.
Nicolas: Did you get any recognition for your braveness for your journey?
Christopher: I was made Admiral of the Ocean Sea and Governor of the Indies.
Nicolas: Ok. Thats all we have for the season. Thank you, Christopher, for joining us. See you all next season.

The Magna Carta

Hello. Nicolas Keros Again. Today's interview is about the Magna Carta. Our guest today is King John of England.

Nicolas: Hello John.

John: Greetings Nicolas.

Nicolas: What forced you to sign the Magna Carta?

John: I started to lose land from extremely high taxes. I also started to lose some power because of the Pope. Then, the Barons rebelled against my high taxes and made me sign the Magna Carta in 1215.

Nicolas: What is this Magna Carta? Is it a law?

John: Yes, it is indeed a law.  This law states the rights of the Barons. I must obey this law when I’m the king. Also, I must obey the due process of law. The due process of law is a particular rule of government that the people must follow for fair and impartial trial.

Nicolas: Is it okay if you can raise taxes during the Magna Carta?

John: I can if I consult with my grand council of higher lords and they agree with me. I actually don’t want to raise taxes because when I raised the taxes, it was an mistake. Now, I’m trying to rebuild my town.

Nicolas: Ok. That’s all we have for today. Thank you, John, for coming. See you all at the last discussion of the season.

The Crusades

Good afternoon. Today's interview is about The Crusades. Our guest today Is Filip Leo's, a fellow crusader of my time period.

Nicolas: Hello Fillip.

Fillip: Hi Nicolas.

Nicolas: Who were the people involved and how long did the crusades happen?

Fillip: The people involved were mainly the Franks of France, and the Holy Roman Empire. The crusades were about 200 years from 1095 to 1291.

Nicolas: What were you guys fighting over for 200 hundred years?

Fillip: We were trying to restore Christian control of the Holy Land. Then, Spain and Eastern Europe continued this fight in the 15th century.  We originally had the goal of recapturing Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

Nicolas: What impacts did the Crusades have on Europe?

Fillip: The Crusades had far-reaching political, economic, and social impacts because of internal conflicts among Christian kingdoms and political powers. Some of the crusade expeditions were diverted from their original aim, such as the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the sack of Constantinople.

Nicolas: Ok. That’s all we have for today. Thank you, Fillip, for coming. See you all next discussion.

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The Great Schism

Hello. Nicolas Keros again. Today's interview is about the Great Schism. Our guest today is Pope Leo IX from France.


Nicolas: Hello Leo.
Leo: Hi Nicolas.
Nicolas: Leo, what did the Great Schism do to Christianity during that time?
Leo: It divided Christianity into eastern and western branches. Later, that would become the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, was on the Eastern Orthodox side. 
Nicolas: When did this happen?
Leo: This happened during 1054.
Nicolas: Why did the churches split in the first place?
Leo: The churches split because we had political and geographical problems. The problem was I wanted Rome to be recognized as having a primacy, but Cerularius refused to support. Then we argued and divided the churches. A primacy is the state of being first in importance.
Nicolas: Ok. Thats all we have for today. Thank you, Pope Leo IX, for coming. See you all next discussion.

     

William the Conqueror

Hello. Nicolas Keros again. Today's interview is about William the Conqueror. our guest today is William the Conqueror from Normandy.


Nicolas: Greetings William.
William: Hello Nicolas.
Nicolas: So, William, why do the citizens of Europe call you "The Conqueror"?
William: They call me The Conqueror because I invaded England, with my army of Frenchmen, in 1066. 
Nicolas: What are you most famous for making?
William: I was most famous for making the Doomsday book. It was the record of the great survey of England and parts of Wales. This book was made in 1086.
Nicolas: When Edward the Confessor died, who were the possibilities of the next King?
William: It was me, Harold Godwinson, and Earl of Wessex. Harold was the next king because Edward wrote in his will that he was the next king. I am grateful of being a possibility though.
Nicolas: Ok. Thats all we have for today. Thank you, William, for coming. See you all next discussion.

Charlemagne

Greetings fellow viewers. Nicolas Keros again. Today's interview is about Charlemagne. Our guest today is Charlemagne.


Nicolas: Good afternoon Charlemagne.
Charlemagne: Good afternoon to you too Nicolas.
Nicolas: So, Charlemagne, do you have any important aspects of your life that you want to share with us today?
Charlemagne: Well, Charles Martel is my grandfather. I was the King of the Franks and currently the Emperor of the Romans. 
Nicolas: Ok. That sounds interesting. How long was your reign in these particular roles in Roman history?
Charlemagne: I was King of the Franks from 768 to about 800. Then, from 800 to current times, I am the Emperor of the Roman Empire.
Nicolas: Interesting. What was the purpose of making this empire?
Charlemagne: I expanded an empire from the Franks and affiliated with most of Western and Central Europe because I wanted to create history, Nicolas. I wanted to bring most of Europe together. Out of the previous rulers, they all struggled, except for my grandfather, Charles. I was the one, from 768-814, who didn't struggle and was able to make this vast empire.
Nicolas: Ok. Thats all we have for today. Thank you, Charlemagne, for coming. See you all next discussion.

The Battle of Tours

Hello. Nicolas Keros again. Today's interview is about The Battle of Tours. Our guest today is Charles "The Hammer" Martel from France.

Nicolas: Hey Charles.
Charles: Hi Nicolas.
Nicolas: So, Charles, why do people call you "The Hammer"?
Charles: They called me The Hammer because they recognized how I used my hammer to inflict a heavy blow on my enemies.
Nicolas: When did this Battle of Tours take place?
Charles: Ah. I believe that was the date of 732.
Nicolas: Who was the battle between?
Charles: This battle was between the cities of Poitiers and Tours.
Nicolas: Who won this battle?
Charles: The city of Tours. I was the leader of the Franks who led to victory.
Nicolas: Ok. Thats all we have for today. Thank you, Charles, for coming. See you all next discussion.

Rome sacked/ falls to Barbarians

Hello. Nicolas Keros again. Today's interview is about the falling of Rome from the Barbarians. Our guest today is Alaric I from Romania.

Nicolas: Hey Alaric.
Alaric: Greetings Nicolas.
Nicolas: So, Alaric, when did this remarkable event take place?
Alaric: I believe that my army of visigoths sacked Rome at about 410.
Nicolas: What was the cause of this falling of Roman Empire?
Alaric: There were too many military, economic, and political problems happening in Rome. So, it was time for change. For example, the senate became extremely corrupt and politically unstable. Rome depended on its empire for funds, like farming practices and mining, then it became very poor and had trouble coping economically. Rome had nothing to trade, and couldn't rebuild itself.
Nicolas: Why did you believe that the Barbarians sacked Rome?
Alaric:  Barbarian originates in the Greek civilization, meaning "anyone who is not Greek", and thus was often used to refer to other civilized people, such as the people of the Persian Empire. So, the Barbarians were anti-greek and wanted to terrorize Rome.
Nicolas: Ok. Thats alll we have for today. Thank you, Alaric, for coming. See you all next discussion.

Constantine The Great

Hello. Nicolas Keros again. Today's interview is about Constantine the Great. Our guest today is Constantine the Great from Illyria.

Nicolas: Hey Constantine.
Constantine: Why hello there Nicolas.
Nicolas: So, you were an emperor for some time. How long was your reign?
Constantine: The total time period of my reign was from 272-337.
Nicolas: What was it like during the civil wars?
Constantine: I defeated the emperors Maxentius and Licinius during the civil wars. I also fought successfully against the Franks, Alamanni, Visigoths, and Sarmatians during my reign as emperor.
Nicolas: What changes have you made towards Greece?
Constantine: I recently changed the Greek colony of Byzantium into a new imperial residence, Constantinople, which would be the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Nicolas: Ok. Thats all we have for today. Thank you, Constantine, for coming. See you all next discussion.

Julius Caesar/Fall of the Roman Republic

Hello. Nicolas Keros again. Today's interview is about Julius Caesar and the fall of the Roman Republic. Our guest today is Julius Caesar from Rome.

Nicolas: Hey Julius.
Julius: Hi Nicolas.
Nicolas: So, Julius, when did you dominate roman politics with Crassus and Pompey?
Julius: It was around 60 BC.
Nicolas: Describe your early life.
Julius: Well, I grew up in a period of unrest and civil war in Rome. The increased size of the empire had led to cheap slave labor flooding into the country which in turned made many Roman workers unemployed.
Nicolas: What started the sacking of Rome?
Julius: It began with the Punic Wars and Roman conquest outside of Italy, followed by massive importation of slaves. The face of Roman life was changing far more rapidly than the governing body could deal with it.
Nicolas: Ok, thats all we have for today. Thank you for coming today, Julius. See you all next discussion.

Alexander The Great

Hello. Nicolas Keros again. Today's interview is about Alexander the Great. Our guest today is Alexander the Great from Macedon.

Nicolas: Hey Alexander.
Alexander: Hello Nicolas.
Nicolas: So tell me Alexander, who is your biggest inspiration?
Alexander: My biggest inspiration is Aristotle. He is this Greek philosopher that tutored and mentored me through all the years. He is a famed teacher.
Nicolas: What were your major conquests in Asia?
Alexander: I overthrew the Persian king Darius III and conquered the entirety of the Persian Empire.
Nicolas: When did these conquests happen?
Alexander: This mainly happened around 334 BC.
Nicolas: Last question, why does everybody around the world call you "The Golden Boy"?
Alexander: They call me that because I had a lot of success over the years and my mentor was Aristotle.
Nicolas: Well thank you, Alexander, for your time. See you all next discussion.

The Axis Age/Golden Age in Greece

Hi. My name is Nicolas Keros. I am an interviewer from Greece. Today's interview is about the Golden and Axis Ages of Greece. Our guest today is Xerxes from Persia.

Nicolas: Hey Xerxes.
Xerxes: Hi Nicolas.
Nicolas: So, tell us Xerxes, how did the Golden Age of Greece become a part of world history?
Xerxes: The Greek army defeated my Persian army a while back and brilliantly defeated the Persian imperial rule. Also, I would like to add that Pericles defeated my army in the Battle of Mycale.
Nicolas: Ok. When did these battles take place?
Xerxes: These battles took place about 500-300BC.
Nicolas: Last question. Do you know what this age was sometimes called as?
Xerxes: Yes. This was called the Periclean Age. It is because Pericles was the leading statesman of Athens at the time.
 Nicolas: Well thank you, Xerxes, for your time. See you all next discussion.